I think that Lynx's trade, a skilled operator of a complex linotype machine, may have been the first in the Langford line. I don't know to what extent Joseph P. had acquired skills in the mining industry that would characteristic of a "tradesman" in the Victroian England definition.
- The terms "skilled worker," "craftsman," "artisan," and "tradesman" were used in senses that overlap. All describe people with specialized training in the skills needed for a particular kind of work. Some of them produced goods that they sold from their own premises (e.g. bootmakers, saddlers, hatmakers, jewelers, glassblowers); others (e.g. typesetters, bookbinders, wheelwrights) were employed to do one part of the production in a business that required a variety of skilled workers. Still others were factory hands who had become experts in some complex part of the process and could command high wages and steady employment. Skilled workers in the building trades (e.g. carpenters, masons, plumbers, painters, plasterers, glaziers) were also referred to by one or another of these terms.[1]
- Description and discussion of Miners Con:
- http://www.historicjoplin.org/?p=414#comments
- MINING PRODUCTION
- https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/flotation
- Joseph Langford's maternal grandfather was a mine per the 1851 England census:
- https://www.newheycarpets.co.uk/inspire/bodmin-jail/
Name: Frederick Langford Age: 20 Marital Status: Single Occupation: Grocer Birth Year: abt 1851 Abode or Birth Place: Liskeard Admitted Date: 1871 Discharged Date: 1871 Prison: Bodmin Gaol Gaol Employment: Treadwheel 
Notes: Stealing one pair of 'skewts' and two pieces of leather, value 1/-, R.C.R.M. Registration Number: 319
List of Cornish Mines:- https://gracesguide.co.uk/1856_Mines_in_Devon_and_Cornwall
- Possibly describes Fred Langford's employment in 1901;
- https://www.1900s.org.uk/1900s-insurance.
- Women Coal Miners in Wales
- https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6593349/Welsh-mining-women-19th-century-toiled-12-hours-day.html#comments
"The coal president never allows his stable boss to cut the amount of fodder allotted to his mules. He insists on so many quarts of oats and corn to the meal and so much hay in the evening. The mule must be fed; the miner may be, if he works hard enough and earns money to buy the grub."
https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/gildedage/content/MinersStory
https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/the-scandal-of-female-miners-in-19th-century-britain/
Klondike Attitudes
https://www.nps.gov/klgo/learn/historyculture/women1890s.htm
Workman's lodgings.
https://www.workhouses.org.uk/lodging/
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